Перегляд за Автор "Petrukha S.V."

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    Методичні підходи до аналізу макроекономічних показників зовнішньої торгівлі України
    (Економічний вісник, 2021) Краєвський Володимир Миколайович; Параниця Надія Володимирівна; Петруха С.В.; Kraievskyi Volodymyr Mykolaiovych; Paranytsia Nadiia Volodymyrivna,; Petrukha S.V.
    У статті розкрито природу операцій з імпорту; дано визначення сутності нормативно-правового забезпечення обліку імпортних операцій на території України. У роботі проведено аналіз економічних чинників, що впливають на експорт та імпорт товарів, розглянуто основні методи прогнозування показників зовнішньої торгівлі, дано статистичну оцінку особливостей зовнішньоторговельної та економічної ситуацій в України в сучасних умовах. Проведено порівняльний аналіз понять «оподаткований імпорт» та «статистичний імпорт». Здійснено комплексний економіко-статистичний аналіз сучасного стану статистичної методології України. The article reveals the nature of import operations. The definition of essence of normative and legal maintenance of the account of import operations in the territory of Ukraine is given. The analysis of economic factors influencing the export and import of goods, as well as the main methods of forecasting foreign trade indicators are considered; the statistical estimation of features of foreign trade and economic situation in Ukraine in modern conditions is given. The analysis of the concepts of taxed imports and statistical imports was conducted. Foreign trade plays a significantrole in the economy, especially during periods ofreform and crisis. The successful development of foreign trade is an important source of capital inflows into the country, it provides population with the necessary goods, as well as manufacturing sector with the necessary resources. Statistical analysis of Ukraine's foreign trade allowsto determine trends, structure and dynamics of foreign trade flows in close connection with macroeconomic indicators and world markets. The problem of statistical evaluation and forecasting of foreign trade indicators is complicated, complex and important, which requires taking into account internal and external factors. Analysis and conclusions of the complicated study are importan for lessons for the future. This is especially true now, when the crisis is manifested again to a large extent. The multiplicity of methods for forecasting foreign economic activity indicates about a relatively small experience in this area and insufficiently verified system of indicators. This negatively affects the reliability of forecasts. There is a need for a systematic study of the compliance of the national statistical system with accepted international and European standards, which include the fundamental principles of official statistics. The presence of discrepancies in the data of taxed and statistical imports significantly complicates their use in practice and their analysis. In foreign trade statistics, the analysis of differences uses both absolute and relative values of differences. Absolute values of data differences in exports are defined as data on exports of a country to counterparty countries minus data on imports of counterparty countriesfrom this country. Similarly the absolute values of differences of the country's imports are determined. The values of differences can also be expressed in relative terms: the difference in the country's exportsrefersto the country's exports;the difference in importsrefersto the percentage of the country's imports. Despite the fact that most countriesform data on the basis of generally accepted methodological provisions in international practice, deviations from these provisions or different personal approaches to certain methodological principles are the main reasons for differences in the data of exporting and importing countries. The effectiveness of comparative analysis and identification of the causes of differences is possible only if both partners have detailed, fundamentally comparable statistics.