Постметафізика в складі соціально-гуманітарного знання

Abstract

У статті розглядається концепція постнаукової метафізики, аналізується у філософсько-гносеологічному аспекті проблема відповідності пізнавальних засобів дослідження метафізичної за своєю природою гуманітарної реальності. Обґрунтовується необхідність подальшого подолання сцієнтизму та натуралізму у соціальних та гуманітарних науках. Для цього досліджуються особливості соціально-гуманітарного пізнання, специфіка та нефізичність його об’єктів, а також взаємозв’язки гуманітарної науки з метафізичним мисленням. Робиться спроба на основі концепції постнаукової метафізики як теоретико-методологічної бази соціальних та гуманітарних наук обговорити перспективи адекватного вирішення проблемиIntroduction. The article discusses the concept of postnatural metaphysics. It analyzes the philosophical and epistemological aspects of the problem of the correspondence of the cognitive means of research into a humanitarian reality that is metaphysical in nature. The necessity of further overcoming of scientism and naturalism in the social and humanities sciences is substantiated. The aim and tasks. The article presents and investigates an actual worldview and methodological task: the identification of ontological prerequisites and the development of appropriate cognitive tools, based on the application of which the further growth of social and humanitarian knowledge is possible. The author makes an attempt based on the concept of post-scientific metaphysics as a theoretical-methodological base of humanities and social sciences to discuss the prospects for an adequate solution to this problem. Research methods. The methodological basis of the analysis is an interdisciplinary approach and transdisciplinary research in the field of modern philosophy of science. Comparative and hermeneutic methods and axiological and historical approaches were also used, thanks to which it was possible to substantiate the phenomenon of social and humanitarian knowledge, its specificity, and significant differences from natural knowledge. Research results. Turning to the metaphysical way of knowing means going beyond science, and scientific knowledge into the area of metaphysical space, where two types of knowledge are combined: on the one hand, reliable, rational, and justified knowledge, on the other hand, intuitive, hypothetical and even mystical knowledge. Metaphysical judgments, therefore, cannot be wholly valid, objective, and rationally justified. This is their difference from scientific statements, although the latter, in turn, also often remain only assumptions and hypotheses for some time. Discussion. Speculative metaphysical thinking does not break with traditional social and humanitarian knowledge but rather incorporates its results into own research successes. The post-scientific nature of today’s metaphysics in no way means a complete rejection of the humanities on its part, its considerable achievements in the phenomenal and factual knowledge of being, including its hidden part, especially since much of what science has achieved to one degree or another merge with metaphysics as such. Conclusions. The presence of immanent metaphysical properties and characteristics in the objects of the humanitarian world suggests a much greater presence of a metaphysical component in the structure of the methodology for studying society.