Особливості функціонування моделей фінансування медичного страхування

Abstract

У статті розглянуті моделі фінансового забезпечення охорони здоров'я, що використовуються у світовій практиці, а саме: моделі «Семашка», «Бевериджа», «Бісмарка», приватна модель. На їхній основі визначені централізовані та децентралізовані моделі фінансування медичного страхування. З'ясовано переваги та недоліки моделей фінансування медичного страхування. Встановлено, що спільною рисою усіх моделей є багатоканальність, саме можливість залучення альтернативних джерел та механізмів фінансування сфери охорони здоров'я. Надані пропозиції щодо розбудови моделі фінансового забезпечення медичного страхування в Україні.

The article is devoted to the pros and cons determination of the modern models of healthcare financial support and creation of medical insurance financial support models on their basics. In research were used numbers of basic and specific scientific methods among which are: synthesis and analysis-to analyze centralized and decentralized medical insurance financial support models and to define the specifics of medical insurance financial support; systematization and classification -to outline the pros and cons of medical insurance financial support; comparison - to find similarities in modern models of healthcare financial support; generalization - to prepare conclusions and summary. In article we overviewed the most popular modern models of healthcare financial support: model “Semashko”, model “Beveridge”, model “Bismarck” and private model. Based on them we determined centralized and decentralized types of medical insurance financial support models. Founded that in Ukraine simultaneously function budget healthcare funding system (model “Semashko”), mixed funding (obligatory types of social insurance - state and private insurance funding model) and voluntary medical insurance (commercial and social types in form of hospital pay desks). Defined that each mentioned medical insurance financial support model simultaneously guarantees the State rule power in establishment and observance of social protection guarantees with its financial (fiscal, insurance, tariff) regulation and the market selfregulation and financial autonomy of other parts (insurance companies and insured persons). Also defined the pros and cons of overviewed medical insurance financial support models. Founded that common feature of all medical insurance financial support models is the multichannel that gives opportunity to use alternative financial sources and mechanisms to fund the healthcare. Proposals on the development of national medical insurance financial support model in Ukraine are made.