Вплив Г. Сковороди на формування української кордоцентричної традиції

Abstract

The article highlights the main philosophical ideas of H. Skovoroda, among which one of the key is cordocentrism. It is pointed out that H. Skovoroda's work was actively influenced by both the ideas of the German mystical tradition and ancient traditions, in particular the ideas of pantheism and Neoplatonism, which we can find in the previous Ukrainian philosophical thought. It is noted that H. Skovoroda, continuing the cordocentric tradition, believed that only through the heart, through faith, can a person comprehend his divine essence. But he does not oppose faith and reason. The mind should strive to find the truth, which is not given to man ready-made. It is emphasized that the philosopher gave the mind as a source of knowledge the primary importance in the cognition of all three worlds - the great or cosmos, the small or man, the symbolic or the Bible; in this last one the mind was to find a deep spiritual understanding. But without faith, the mind cannot rise to the heights of spirituality. It is pointed out that Skovoroda's ideas are close to those of Pascal. Like Pascal, Skovoroda gives the heart a rational form, sometimes equating thought with the heart. For Pascal, the heart is indeed a source of cognition to the same extent as cognitive thought. Both Pascal and Skovoroda believed that the heart cognizes primarily through love. It is emphasized that the heart, more than any other part of the human body, is able to pave the way for the perception of the fullness of the human personality (Homo totus). It is emphasized that reason and faith in H. Skovoroda are two aspects of the human spirit that are inextricably linked, cognizing both the external being and the inner world of man. However, a deep comprehension of one's divine essence is possible only through faith, the center of which is the heart.