Публікація: Аналіз ролі ПДВ у формуванні доходів державного бюджету України
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Чорноморський національний університет імені Петра Могили
Анотація
У статті досліджено роль податку на додану вартість у формуванні доходів державного бюджету України в сучасних умовах економічної нестабільності та воєнного стану. Розкрито економічну сутність ПДВ, визначено його функціональне призначення та місце у податковій системі держави. Особливу увагу приділено аналізу структури податкових надходжень, динаміці надходжень ПДВ у розрізі внутрішніх та імпортних операцій, а також оцінці його фіскальної ефективності. На основі статистичних даних проаналізовано тенденції зміни обсягів надходжень ПДВ у 2018—2025 роках, встановлено їх залежність від макроекономічних факторів, стану зовнішньоекономічної діяльності та податкової політики держави. Обґрунтовано, що ПДВ залишається одним із ключових бюджетоутворюючих податків, забезпечуючи значну частку доходів державного бюджету, при цьому суттєву роль відіграє ПДВ з імпортних товарів. Запропоновано напрями підвищення ефективності ролі ПДВ, серед яких удосконалення адміністрування, цифровізація податкових процесів, посилення контролю та гармонізація податкового законодавства з європейськими стандартами за участю Державної податкової служби України.
This article examines the role of value added tax in generating revenue for the Ukrainian state budget in the current context of economic instability and the transformation of the financial system. The theoretical foundations of VAT as a key indirect tax, which accounts for a significant share of tax revenues and serves as an important instrument for implementing the state's fiscal policy, are substantiated. The economic essence of the tax, its main functions, and the specific features of its collection mechanism within the context of the national tax system are identified. The role of VAT in the structure of Ukraine's state budget revenue has been analysed, specifically in terms of tax receipts and total revenue. The dynamics of tax revenue in 2018-2025 have been examined, distinguishing between domestic and import components, which has revealed a steady upward trend in VAT volumes, as well as a significant predominance of revenue from import transactions. It has been established that VAT retains its leading position in budget formation even in times of crisis, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the period of full-scale war. The fiscal effectiveness of VAT has been assessed and the extent to which the state budget relies on this tax has been determined. It has been demonstrated that, despite the decline in VAT's share of total budget revenue in recent years, its absolute volume continues to grow, indicating that its strategic importance remains intact. Directions for improving the efficiency of VAT administration have been substantiated, with particular emphasis on the digitalisation of tax processes, the improvement of the system for controlling and monitoring high-risk transactions, and the harmonisation of national legislation with European standards. The important role of the State Tax Service of Ukraine in ensuring the effective functioning of the tax administration system has been emphasised. It has been concluded that value added tax remains a key instrument for generating revenue for Ukraine's state budget and an important factor in the country's financial stability. Its further reform must take into account current economic challenges, the need to enhance the transparency of the tax system, and the need to strike a balance between the state's fiscal interests and the promotion of economic development
This article examines the role of value added tax in generating revenue for the Ukrainian state budget in the current context of economic instability and the transformation of the financial system. The theoretical foundations of VAT as a key indirect tax, which accounts for a significant share of tax revenues and serves as an important instrument for implementing the state's fiscal policy, are substantiated. The economic essence of the tax, its main functions, and the specific features of its collection mechanism within the context of the national tax system are identified. The role of VAT in the structure of Ukraine's state budget revenue has been analysed, specifically in terms of tax receipts and total revenue. The dynamics of tax revenue in 2018-2025 have been examined, distinguishing between domestic and import components, which has revealed a steady upward trend in VAT volumes, as well as a significant predominance of revenue from import transactions. It has been established that VAT retains its leading position in budget formation even in times of crisis, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the period of full-scale war. The fiscal effectiveness of VAT has been assessed and the extent to which the state budget relies on this tax has been determined. It has been demonstrated that, despite the decline in VAT's share of total budget revenue in recent years, its absolute volume continues to grow, indicating that its strategic importance remains intact. Directions for improving the efficiency of VAT administration have been substantiated, with particular emphasis on the digitalisation of tax processes, the improvement of the system for controlling and monitoring high-risk transactions, and the harmonisation of national legislation with European standards. The important role of the State Tax Service of Ukraine in ensuring the effective functioning of the tax administration system has been emphasised. It has been concluded that value added tax remains a key instrument for generating revenue for Ukraine's state budget and an important factor in the country's financial stability. Its further reform must take into account current economic challenges, the need to enhance the transparency of the tax system, and the need to strike a balance between the state's fiscal interests and the promotion of economic development
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Бібліографічний опис
Білобровенко Т. В. Аналіз ролі ПДВ у формуванні доходів державного бюджету України / Т. В. Білобровенко, А. О. Купріянова // Інвестиції: практика та досвід. – 2026. – № 8. – С. 458–464.
