Назви меблів для лежання в історії української мови

Abstract

The words that are part of the lexical-semantic subgroup, which are the names of leisure furniture, and more specifically – for lying, are analyzed in the article. A brief overview of the works of scientists, who have studied various aspects of furniture names, is given. The following lexemes are considered in the paper: bed, deck chair, divan, trestle bed, settee, canape, couch, sofa, and ottoman. The first fixations of each word, functioning of the Ukrainian language at different stages are traced; the variants of derivatives are considered, the ways of their creation are indicated for preservation in the modern Ukrainian language and in the Ukrainian dialects. In the process of studying of the mentioned group of vocabulary, it was found that most lexemes are borrowings from Turkic or European languages. The nomen of divan ‘a variation of cushioned furniture’ has Turkic origin, the divan was borrowed into the Ukrainian language through the mediation of Western European languages: most likely from French divan ʻcanape’; the trestle bed is fixed with the meaning of ‘backless bed made of boards’, ottoman. It was found that the word canape/kanapka/kanapeia ‘divan’, sofa, came through the mediation of Polish from French settee (causeuse). The specific vocabulary includes only the lexemes: bed, deck chair, folding bed, rozkladachka (camp bed)/rozkladaika (cot), dachka. The analysis of the considered lexemes gives evidence of parallel functioning of several lexemes for naming of the same concept in the system of furniture. This gives evidence of common phenomenon of synonymy in the group of names of lying furniture; it is connected with the parallel use of specific and borrowed words in the Ukrainian language. This gives grounds to talk about the functioning of synonymic pairs and synonymic rows within the boundaries of the considered group of vocabulary. It was found that a deck chair – a trestle bed, a bed – folding bed form synonymic pairs It was found that one-component nomens, predominate among the names of furniture. The analysis of the names of lying furniture gives us a possibility to indicate the sphere of application in the modern Ukrainian language and reflection in Ukrainian dialects. It was found that borrowed lexemes are sporadically preserved in Ukrainian dialects or not recorded in them at all. The considered material allows suggesting that the emergence of different types of furniture intended for lying depends on the development of society as a whole and its material culture. At the linguistic level, this leads to a continuous update of the vocabulary composition of the thematic group of the name of home furniture.