Геополітичні та федеративні ідеї Михайла Драгоманова в контексті викликів сьогодення

Abstract

The article highlights the key geopolitical ideas of M. Drahomanova. It is noted that the Ukrainian thinker paid considerable attention to the issue of federalization of the peoples of Eastern Europe, pointing out that stability and peace in heterogeneous Eastern Europe will come only under the conditions of national and social liberation, which can be realized through the formation of a federal union of peoples living between the Russian and German ethnic blocs . It is indicated that the researcher's approach emphasized the importance of interaction and unification of the peoples of Eastern Europe, as well as their gradual integration into the Western European community. It is noted that M. Drahomanov also called for the federalization of Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire. Regarding the latter, he indicated that the Russian Empire should be divided along ethnic lines, taking into account the experience of Switzerland, where the cantons have their own spheres of competence, which the federal government could not influence. It is emphasized that the Ukrainian thinker emphasized the fact that the federal system in the Russian Empire will be effective only if the subjects of the federation have real powers. If they are formal, on the contrary, this can lead to the strengthening of centralized power, which will only be covered by imaginary federalism, which is currently observed in modern Russia. Attention is focused on the fact that a special place in the concept of M. Drahomanov occupied Galicia, which was part of the Habsburg Empire and Eastern Europe. M. Drahomanov had a significant influence on the development of the Galician-Rusyn radical party, which was supposed to implement the historical national-democratic tendencies and achievements of the Ukrainian national-democratic progressive movement. It is emphasized that M. Drahomanov attached a significant role to the Ukrainian people, who will be able to play an important role in the process of federalization of free nations, although perhaps not at the current historical stage, since it is quite difficult to implement large-scale geopolitical projects in the conditions of despotic imperialism.