Балістичні дослідження при здійсненні слідчих (розшукових) дій

Abstract

The article is devoted to the possibility of solving tasks that arise during the inspection of the scene of the use of firearms, the possibility of establishing the facts and circumstances of the use of weapons. Possibilities of preliminary expert research at the scene, for the correct selection of versions for further investigation of criminal offenses. The successful counteraction of the state and its law enforcement agencies to armed crime, illegal trafficking of weapons and ammunition is largely determined by the presence of theoretical and methodical principles developed and tested in practice, which ensure the conduct of forensic ballistics examinations. At the same time, a significant part of these examinations does not solve the issue of weapon identification, but concerns a wide range of non-identification tasks. In this situation, it is logical to assume the availability of relevant scientific diagnostic and situational ballistic knowledge. However, this problem has not yet been finally resolved, and forensic ballistics is only forming its positions within the framework of the relevant concept. It was determined that the main objects of research in forensic ballistics are: small arms, their details and mechanisms; accessories of firearms; unfinished parts and mechanisms of weapons at various stages of their technological readiness (blanks, semi-finished products); shooting devices using the principle of firearms, as well as pneumatic and barrel gas weapons; ammunition and cartridges for firearms, shooting devices and barrel gas weapons, as well as their separate components, projectiles for pneumatic weapons; materials, tools and devices for production, equipment of cartridges and their components; manufacturing traces on the specified objects; materials, tools and devices for the manufacture of firearms and their traces on their parts; traces of the use of weapons on the person who fired, projectiles, casings, obstacles and objects in the environment; samples for comparative research, necessary for solving expert tasks; the material situation of the scene; procedural documents of a criminal case containing information necessary to solve the questions posed to the expert.