Підходи до правового регулювання штучного інтелекту в судово-експертній діяльності

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a central theme in today's information landscape, driven by rapid technological progress and widespread accessibility. Modern AI technologies enhance task efficiency and hold great potential for advancing various aspects of social life, including daily use in apps, smart devices, and automated systems. Ukrainians actively engage with AI, as evidenced by a 2024 Kantar Ukraine survey targeting residents in urban areas, where the majority (73%) express a positive attitude toward AI and its role in improving life. Applications of in AI in the country include creative sectors, security, banking, medicine, and logistics. While AI offers significant innovation and economic benefits, concerns around ethics, legality, national security, and human rights remain prominent. Researchers like Nick Bostrom warn of long-term risks associated with AI development, advocating for global regulatory frameworks to ensure ethical deployment. In this context, legal regulation of AI has emerged as a burning issue globally and nationally. In the EU, the 2024 AI Act introduces a risk-based approach categorizing AI applications into varying levels of risk, from unacceptable to high, limited, and minimal risk. Ukraine seeks to align with this model as part of its European integration efforts, despite limited resources exacerbated by ongoing war. Ukrainian institutions, such as the Ministry of Digital Transformation, have initiated a step-by-step approach towards AI regulation including drafting soft-law instruments like White Papers and sector-specific recommendations for public administration, media, education, and judiciary. A noteworthy area of exploration is AI integration into specialized fields, such as forensic expertise, where ethical and practical challenges persist. Therefore, developing comprehensive legal standards, supported by international cooperation and best practices, is integral to safe AI deployment and Ukraine's future leadership in digital governance.