Розширення прав засуджених до довічного позбавлення волі – одне із джерел посягань на національну безпеку України

Abstract

У науковій статті здійснено аналіз правового статусу засуджених до довічного позбавлення волі в Україні, на підставі результатів якого зроблено висновок про те, що зазначені суб’єкти кримінально-виконавчих правовідносин не наділені на рівні закону правом на короткочасні виїзди за межі виправної колонії, у тому числі при наявності виняткових особистих обставин. Також констатовано, що розширення прав осіб, які відбувають покарання у виді довічного позбавлення волі, може привести до суспільної напруги та до створення одного з небезпечних джерел посягань на національну безпеку України, невід’ємним складовим елементом якої є визначений у законі порядок виконання – відбування зазначеного кримінального покарання. In this scientific article, an analysis of the legal status of those sentenced to life imprisonment in Ukraine was carried out, based on the results of which it was concluded that the specified subjects of criminal-executive legal relations are not endowed by law with the right to short-term trips outside the correctional colony, in that including in the presence of exceptional personal circumstances. In particular, it was established that according to the current criminal law of Ukraine, only certain categories of those sentenced to imprisonment have such a right, which, in fact, shows the essence of one of the elements of the purpose of punishment, namely punishment, the meaning of which is to establish at the legislative level and on the basis of the court decision of the relevant legal restrictions for the specified persons. At the same time, their implementation in the process of execution - the serving of punishments is carried out through such a basic means of correction and realization of convicts as the regime. It has been proven that precisely because of the regime of legal restrictions, the state has the opportunity and in this connection takes the measures provided by law to solve the tasks of a criminal-executive nature, one of which is to prevent the commission of criminal offenses by both convicted persons and other persons. Moreover, the legal status of those sentenced to life imprisonment established at the legislative level, especially in the area of legal restrictions, is aimed at deterring not only repeat offenders from committing particularly serious crimes, but also persons who for the first time planned or are preparing to commit such criminal offenses. This conclusion is based on official statistical data, according to which, starting with the introduction in 2001 of the current criminal law of Ukraine, a new punishment - life imprisonment. So, if in 2002 the number of such convicts in our country was more than 100 in absolute numbers, then in 2022 it will be more than 10. Based on this, this scientific article states that the expansion of the rights of persons serving life imprisonment can lead to social tension and to the creation of one of the dangerous sources of encroachments on the national security of Ukraine, an integral component of which is a certain in the law, the order of execution is serving the specified criminal punishment.