Вина як кримінально-правова категорія та її вплив на кваліфікацію злочину

Abstract

У статті розкрита сутність та зміст категорії вини, розглянуто її форми і види, а також проаналізовано правозастосовну практику з метою здійснення комплексної розробки питань впливу провини на кваліфікацію злочинів; запропоновані рекомендації щодо вдосконалення кримінального законодавства і практики його застосування. Також висвітлюються концепції винної відповідальності, які існують у вітчизняному кримінальному праві. Розглядаються переваги і недоліки існуючих визначень провини, а також досліджується питання, які елементи становлять винне ставлення особи до свого діяння і підлягають обов'язковому доказуванню у кримінальній справі, а які суб'єктивні ознаки повинні бути встановлені лише у конкретних випадках.

The article reveals the essence and content of the category of guilt, considers its forms and types, as well as analyzes law enforcement practice in order to comprehensively develop issues of the impact of guilt on the classification of crimes; proposed recommendations for improving criminal law and practice of its application. The concepts of guilty responsibility that exist in domestic criminal law are also covered. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing definitions of guilt are considered, as well as the question of what elements constitute the guilty attitude of a person to his actions and are subject to mandatory proof in a criminal case, and what subjective features should be established only in specific cases. The author's definitions of direct and indirect intent are aimed at not only the development of theoretical ideas about these types of guilt, but also focused on reducing the distance between theory and law enforcement practice. The system of views on guilt in intentional crimes, formed bathroom as a result of the study: intent, being a mandatory subjective sign of a crime, acts as a private manifestation of the internal component of the crime, partly a clear manifestation of guilt as the core of the subjective side of the crime; guilt in intentional crimes also has its own external "shell", which is expressed in a negative assessment by the court on behalf of the state fourteen va consciously-volitional attitude of a person to the socially dangerous deed and its socially dangerous consequences, which has its own definition divided specificity in various variations of intent; guilt in intentional crimes is the highest social evil, the highest manifestation of immoral behavior; malicious intent is a qualitative property of guilt in intentional steps; grounds for intentional guilt – committed by a person malicious crime; the author's definition of guilt in intentional crimes: guilt intentional crimes – this is a consciously volitional attitude of a person to cothe socially dangerous act committed by him and his socially dangerous consequence, expressed in the form of direct or indirect intent, having received neck negative assessment on behalf of the state.