Генеза кримінально-правової охорони прав особи за ІІІ редакцією Литовського Статуту 1588 р. і Кодексом 1743 р.

Abstract

У цій статті досліджено закономірності і особливості генези кримінально-правової охорони прав особи за ІІІ редакцією Литовського Статуту і Кодексом 1743 р. З’ясовано, що у зазначених документах чітко прослідковуються об’єкти кримінально-правової охорони, а саме: життя, здоров’я, честь і гідність людини. Виявлено, що не зважаючи на становий характер суспільства того часу, у зазначених актах з’являються поняття рівності, підсудності людини за кримінальні злочини, поняття неосудності неповнолітніх, душевно хворих і осіб похилого віку. Зроблено висновки, що достатньо сформована і розгалужена система покарань слугувала не лише відплатою злочинцю за вчинення злочину, а й переслідувала також мету попередження вчинення злочинів проти прав і свобод особи. This article examines the regularities and peculiarities of the genesis of the criminal-legal protection of individual rights under the third Lithuanian statute and the Code of 1743. The history of the struggle for human rights has a long path of development and is being formed gradually. It was found that the objects of criminal and legal protection, namely life, health, honor and dignity of a person, are clearly traced in the specifi ed documents. It has been established that the task of criminal law has always been and will remain the protection of social relations from criminal encroachments.The following objects of protection of criminal law are recognized as the most important in Ukraine and the modern world: human rights, public order and public safety, constitutional system, law and order, ensuring peace and security of mankind. It was found that criminal law protection means measures to preserve existing social relations and prevent citizens from criminal encroachments. The criminal law defi nes the most dangerous actions for society and the state and establishes criminal penalties for their commission. Elements of the mechanism of criminal law protection are considered to be: criminal law norms, criminal law relations and criminal liability. It was revealed that regardless of the state of society at that time, the concepts of equality, human liability for criminal offenses, the concept of insanity of minors, mentally ill and elderly people appeared in the mentioned laws. The concept of necessary defense is being formed. It was concluded that a suffi ciently formed and extensive system of punishments serves not only as a punishment to the criminal for committing a crime, but also pursues the goal of preventing the commission of crimes against basic human rights and freedoms. It is argued that the regulatory and protective functions are closely related to each other, and it is through them that the preventive function works. The Lithuanian Statute and Code of 1743 can be considered documents that refl ect the process of the formation of human civil rights on a level with the generally known acts on human rights of that time.