Поняття вини як елемент змісту кримінального права України

Abstract

У статті представлено результат та синтез системи сучасних знань про вину на рівні законодавства, теорії та практики, концентроване вираження системи авторських поглядів про вину, що є результатом дослідження, проведеного на базі системно-комплексного поєднання філософських засад даного феномена, еволюції законодавства і наукової юридичної думки, зарубіжного досвіду і правозастосовної практики.

Guilt, guilt, the principle of guilt, the subjective side, motives, emotions and goals – all these are related, interconnected categories that exist within one purpose – to be held accountable in accordance with constitutional principles. All kinds of forms of guilt have common features, according to which they are attributed to forms of guilt. It is a question of allocation within any kind of a form of guilt of conscious and volitional components in relation to action and its negative consequences. Distinctive features of all varieties are the features of the combination of these components (conscious and volitional relations). The article presents the result and synthesis of the system of modern knowledge about guilt at the level of legislation, theory and practice, concentrated expression of the author’s views on guilt, which is the result of research conducted on the basis of system-complex combination of philosophical principles, evolution of legislation and scientific legal thought, foreign experience and law enforcement practice. To build a general theoretical model of the category of guilt, it is also necessary to analyze how the concept of “guilt” relates to the terms “offense”, “corpus delicti”, “subjective side of the offense”, to determine how guilt differs from the principle of guilt. We believe that the psychological theory of guilt, which is based on the idea of psychological science and underlies the legislative construction of guilt, has a significant drawback: it does not allow direct “penetration” into human consciousness, information about the content of which is obtained indirectly – by analyzing and evaluating all circumstances associated with perfect a crime. All the above brings us to the following conclusions. 1) Motive and purpose on an independent basis, along with guilt, are part of the structure of the subjective side of the offense. 2) Motive and purpose, in contrast to guilt, are not always present in the offense (or at least their presence does not matter to identify the subjective side). 3) Motives and goals can be positive from the point of view of society “color”, however, it will not have legal significance.