Історія становлення інституту перегляду кримінальних проваджень за нововиявленими та виключними обставинами

Abstract

Стаття присвячена історико-правовим аспектам розвитку інституту перегляду кримінальних проваджень за нововиявленими та виключними обставинами. Досліджується процес формування такої процесуальної категорії, як нововиявлені обставини в кримінальному процесуальному законодавстві Української РСР. Аналізується процес трансформації порядку здійснення кримінальних проваджень за нововиявленими обставинами у зв’язку з прийняттям Кримінального процесуального кодексу України 2012 року. Досліджуються зміни кримінального процесуального законодавства та, як наслідок, розмежування кримінальних процесуальних положень щодо перегляду проваджень за нововиявленими обставинами на дві категорії: перегляд за нововиявленими та перегляд за виключними обставинами. Здійснюється загальна характеристика перегляду кримінальних проваджень за нововиявленими та виключними обставинами на сучасному етапі правозастосовної діяльності. The article is devoted to the historical and legal aspects of the development of the institute of review of criminal proceedings on newly discovered and exceptional circumstances. The process of formation of such a procedural category as the newly discovered circumstances in the criminal procedural legislation of the Ukrainian SSR is studied. The author notes that the institute of review of criminal proceedings under newly discovered and exceptional circumstances is normatively defined and derived from the Soviet legal system, which causes some difficulties and creates conflicts in the practical implementation of these rules by the subjects of criminal proceedings. A detailed study of the review of criminal proceedings in newly discovered and exceptional circumstances and the search for rational ways to improve this procedural institution is a necessary step to further bring the provisions of criminal procedure legislation in line with European and international standards. The process of transformation of the procedure for conducting criminal proceedings under the newly discovered circumstances in connection with the adoption of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine in 2012 is analyzed. The changes of the criminal procedural legislation, and, as a consequence, the division of criminal procedural provisions on the review of proceedings on newly discovered circumstances into two categories: review on newly discovered circumstances and review on exceptional circumstances are investigated. The general characteristic of revision of criminal proceedings on newly discovered and exceptional circumstances at the present stage of law enforcement activity is carried out. Emphasis is placed on the importance of such proceedings, which is that at the time of the court’s decision and the person in respect of whom the sentence or ruling was issued, the circumstances directly leading to the erroneous decision were not known and could not have been known during the trial. court decision. Summarizing the research, the author concludes that, after the adoption of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine in 2012, the legislator made qualitative changes in the procedure for criminal proceedings under the newly discovered circumstances. The legislator normatively enshrines criminal proceedings on newly discovered circumstances and criminal proceedings on exceptional circumstances. A qualitative innovation was the introduction of such an exclusive basis for review of court decisions in criminal proceedings as Ukraine’s violation of international obligations in national courts, which is relevant given the need to enforce decisions and apply the case law of the European Court of Human Rights