Використання сучасних технологій (GIS, AI-аналізу, БПЛА) для документування воєнних злочинів

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive study of the possibilities of using modern digital technologies, in particular geographic information systems (GIS), artificial intelligence methods (AI analysis), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in the process of documenting war crimes. The relevance of the topic is determined by the objective need to increase the efficiency of collecting, systematizing, analyzing, and preserving evidentiary information in the context of armed conflicts, especially in relation to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which is accompanied by large-scale violations of international humanitarian law. The article analyzes contemporary approaches to the spatial analysis of sites of war crimes using GIS technologies, which ensure accurate geolocation of events, documentation of the dynamics of destruction, and visualization of evidentiary information. Particular attention is paid to the application of artificial intelligence methods for the automated processing of large data sets, including photographic and video materials, satellite imagery, and opensource information, which makes it possible to increase the speed and objectivity of analytical procedures. The possibilities of using UAVs as a tool for remote evidence collection in dangerous or hard-to-reach areas are examined, contributing to the protection of investigators’ lives and minimizing interference in combat zones. The advantages of the integrated use of GIS, AI, and UAVs as a unified technological system for documenting war crimes are substantiated, capable of ensuring an appropriate level of evidentiary reliability in accordance with the requirements of international humanitarian law and the standards of international criminal justice. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a comprehensive approach to the use of these digital technologies in the process of recording and analyzing war crimes. The practical significance of the findings consists in the possibility of their application by pre-trial investigation bodies, human rights organizations, as well as international judicial and investigative institutions, with the aim of improving the quality of evidence, ensuring the inevitability of accountability, and enhancing the mechanisms of international justice.