Актуальні проблеми кваліфікації воєнних злочинів в Україні
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Анотація
Дослідження зосереджене на правовому регулюванні воєнних злочинів в Україні, зокрема в умовах агресії Росії, і акцентує увагу на міжнародному гуманітарному праві. Основною проблемою є недостатність національної правової бази, що ускладнює притягнення до відповідальності за воєнні злочини, оскільки стаття 438 Кримінального кодексу не дає чіткого визначення складу злочину та передбачає менш суворі санкції. Зазвичай застосовується комбінована кваліфікація, що створює правові колізії. Україна підписала, але не ратифікувала Римський статут, що обмежує адаптацію національного законодавства до міжнародних стандартів. Збройний конфлікт з Росією продемонстрував необхідність вдосконалення правового регулювання, зокрема через ратифікацію Римського статуту та приведення законодавства у відповідність до міжнародних вимог.
The study is devoted to the analysis of the legal regulation and qualification of war crimes in Ukraine, especially in the context of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. The main attention is paid to the study of international humanitarian law, which defines war crimes as grave international offenses, and the features of their consolidation in national legislation. A special place is occupied by the problem of bringing to justice for such crimes, given the limitations of the Ukrainian legal framework and its inconsistency with modern international standards. Article 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provides for punishment for violations of the laws and customs of war, does not contain a clear definition of the crime, which complicates its practical application. An additional problem is that the sanctions provided for by this article are less severe in comparison with other norms of the Criminal Code. In this regard, in practice, a combined qualification is often used, which includes additional articles, for example, on torture or bodily harm. This approach not only complicates the investigation, but also creates legal conflicts that prevent effective prosecution of war criminals. At the international level, one of the key documents defining the concept of war crimes and the procedure for their prosecution is the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. This act contains a detailed description of crimes that violate the laws and customs of war and establishes mechanisms for their investigation. Ukraine signed the Rome Statute, but has not yet completed the procedure for its ratification, which limits the possibilities of adapting national legislation to international standards. The armed conflict by Russia in Ukraine has emphasized the urgency of resolving these issues. As of the end of 2024, more than 137 thousand cases were recorded that can be classified as war crimes committed by war criminals. This demonstrates the need to improve legal regulation, in particular by clarifying the norms of national legislation and using the best practices of international practice. Thus, to ensure effective fight against war crimes, Ukraine needs not only to ratify the Rome Statute, but also to adapt its legislation to its requirements. Only under such conditions will it be possible to fairly bring the guilty to justice and ensure compliance with the principles of international law.
The study is devoted to the analysis of the legal regulation and qualification of war crimes in Ukraine, especially in the context of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. The main attention is paid to the study of international humanitarian law, which defines war crimes as grave international offenses, and the features of their consolidation in national legislation. A special place is occupied by the problem of bringing to justice for such crimes, given the limitations of the Ukrainian legal framework and its inconsistency with modern international standards. Article 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provides for punishment for violations of the laws and customs of war, does not contain a clear definition of the crime, which complicates its practical application. An additional problem is that the sanctions provided for by this article are less severe in comparison with other norms of the Criminal Code. In this regard, in practice, a combined qualification is often used, which includes additional articles, for example, on torture or bodily harm. This approach not only complicates the investigation, but also creates legal conflicts that prevent effective prosecution of war criminals. At the international level, one of the key documents defining the concept of war crimes and the procedure for their prosecution is the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. This act contains a detailed description of crimes that violate the laws and customs of war and establishes mechanisms for their investigation. Ukraine signed the Rome Statute, but has not yet completed the procedure for its ratification, which limits the possibilities of adapting national legislation to international standards. The armed conflict by Russia in Ukraine has emphasized the urgency of resolving these issues. As of the end of 2024, more than 137 thousand cases were recorded that can be classified as war crimes committed by war criminals. This demonstrates the need to improve legal regulation, in particular by clarifying the norms of national legislation and using the best practices of international practice. Thus, to ensure effective fight against war crimes, Ukraine needs not only to ratify the Rome Statute, but also to adapt its legislation to its requirements. Only under such conditions will it be possible to fairly bring the guilty to justice and ensure compliance with the principles of international law.
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Бібліографічний опис
Новгородська Д. Д. Актуальні проблеми кваліфікації воєнних злочинів в Україні / Д. Д. Новгородська, В. П. Любавіна // Молодий вчений. – 2024. – № 7 (131). – С. 177–180.